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The New Economical Steam Engine
Play the animation and find out how this steam engine, pioneered by
James Watt, produced steam so economically.
The Cornish Beam Engine (1834) was originally developed to pump out
floodwater from the deep mines that are found in Cornwall.
The up and down motion of the piston in the cylinder is transmitted by
the beam to the piston in the water pump. The steam cylinder piston
goes down under the pressure of steam, and differences in atmospheric
pressure created by the partial vacuum beneath the piston.
The Beam
The
beam, powered by the cylinder piston, pulls up the water pump piston.
At the end of the downward stroke, the steam pressure is released and
the steam cylinder piston returns to its original position - because
it is dragged back up the cylinder, by the weight of the pump rods at
the other end of the beam.
The Kew Bridge Steam Museum
The Kew Bridge Steam Museum, in London, has the largest working
Cornish Steam Engine in the world. It was actually built for the site
to pump water to west London, and started work on the 30 May 1846. It
was only taken out of service in 1944 - a working life of just under a
century.
The massive engine was constructed for the Grand Junction Water Works
company, and is able to pump 472 gallons in just one single stroke.
The beam, which is made from cast iron, weighs a staggering 35 tons.
The engine was transported from Cornwall to London by ship, before
being loaded onto a barge for the journey up the Thames.
There are smaller beam engines, such as one from Boulton and Watt,
that can be seen at the Kew Museum. The engine was built around the
time of Watt's death in 1819, and it was moved to the site in 1839-40.
James Watt's inventions meant that the steam engine became much more
economical to use, and thus he helped to set in motion the Industrial
Revolution.
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Ever since the 1700s, when Savery and Newcomen first designed
steam engines to pump water form flooded mines - and James Watt
built the first engine that could turn wheels. From then on, steam
changed the face of Britain. It was the Golden Age of Steam -
culminating in the magnificent achievements of The Flying
Scotsman!
Mamod Working Steam Models recapture the excitement of that era
giving immediate enjoyment and fun. Fire from safe solid fuel
tablets, the boilers of Mamod models soon reach working pressure
and you quickly experience the joys of steam in action. |
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